Trail making requires cognitive flexibility generated through the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices.In identifying cognitive impairment, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.932 and 0.723, respectively. To detect dementia, its sensitivity was 0.922, and specificity was 0.923. At the end of the second trial, inform the subject that (s)he will be asked to recall these words again by saying, “ I will ask you to recall those words again at the end of the test.” Single cutoff score of HK-MoCA differentiated MCI from normal with sensitivity of 0.861 and specificity of 0.723. Try to remember and tell me as many words as you can, including words you said the first time.” Put a check in the allocated space for each word the subject recalls after the second trial. Using classification with norm-derived cutoff scores as reference, locally derived cutoff score of 21/22 yielded a classification discrepancy of 42.4. When the subject indicates that (s)he has finished (has recalled all words), or can recall no more words, read the list a second time with the following instructions: “ I am going to read the same list for a second time. Only 65.1 and 25.7 healthy controls and 45.2 and 19.0 patients scored above the conventional cutoff scores of 21/22 and 25/26 on the MoCA. It doesn’t matter in what order you say them.” Mark a check in the allocated space for each word the subject produces on this first trial. When I am through, tell me as many words as you can remember.
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I am going to read a list of words that you will have to remember now and later on.
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Read a list of 5 words at a rate of 1 word per second, giving the following instructions: “ This is a memory test.